General and abdominal surgery
Parenchymal bleeding of the liver, spleen, kidney; anastomotic ooze; diffuse capillary bleeding of the operating field. Adjunct hemostasis on top of classic surgical techniques.
Surgical bleeding
Intraoperative bleeding falls into three types: major (needs ligation/suturing), parenchymal (diffuse from organ tissue), and capillary (superficial ooze). Topical hemostats are used in the latter two — where a specific vessel cannot be ligated.
AAST organ injury grades
Applies to liver, spleen, and kidney — determines the surgical approach
Grade I–II
Subcapsular hematoma < 50%, capsular tear < 3 cm deep. Usually — local hemostat without resection.
Grade III
Subcapsular hematoma > 50%, parenchymal laceration 1–3 cm. Hemostat + Halsted sutures, falciform ligament mobilisation.
Grade IV–V
Massive parenchymal injury, major vessel damage. Pringle manoeuvre; lobe resection or packing if needed.
Hemostasis algorithm in general surgery
Vessel ligation / suturing
For major and large visible vessels — the foundation of surgical hemostasis. A topical hemostat does not replace a ligature.
Electrocoagulation / argon beam
For small vessels and parenchymal capillary bleeding. Argon beam is especially effective on liver and spleen.
Topical hemostat
BloodSTOP iX® 10×20 cm on the source of diffuse ooze. Dry material, 2 min compression. Multiple sheets if needed.
Damage-control packing
In haemodynamic instability — staged management. Abdominal cavity packed with sponges; relaparotomy at 24–48 h once stable.
BloodSTOP iX®'s role
In abdominal surgery BloodSTOP iX® is used as an adjunct hemostat for diffuse capillary ooze — after ligation of major vessels and when ooze persists on the parenchymal organ surface. The 10×20 cm size covers a significant area with a single sheet. Fully resorbs — no removal needed at second-stage surgery.
BloodSTOP iX 10×20 cm
Liver, spleen, kidney — parenchymal ooze after resection or trauma.
BloodSTOP iX 10×5 cm
Anastomotic line, gallbladder bed, small operating field.
Clinical guidelines
Oxidised regenerated cellulose in surgery — review
Lewis K.M. et al. · Surgery · 2013
On requestBiodegradable materials for bleeding control — review
Yan T., Zhang W. et al. · Bioactive Materials · 2022
On request
Further reading
More on the manufacturer's site
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